Multimodal Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits Regulating Social Interaction

Abstract: Mental disorders often lack clear anatomical abnormalities, and are instead thought to arise from disruptions in neural dynamics. However, the understanding of these disorders has been hindered by the lack of sufficient tools to accurately measure and manipulate these dynamics. To overcome these technical challenges, we have developed advanced multiplexed optical imaging technologies and genetic tools that allow for simultaneous, high-resolution access to multiple neurons and circuits. These innovations provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying social behavior. 

In this presentation, I will first introduce XCaMPs, a next-generation, spectrally separable multicolor calcium sensor, followed by rsChRmine, a red-shifted excitatory channelrhodopsin. Using these tools, I will demonstrate how imaging techniques have addressed key challenges in neuroscience, particularly focusing on our specific interest in studying the communication between excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits related to social behavior in autism spectrum disorder. Finally, I will discuss future directions aimed at furthering our understanding of social behavior by exploring the dynamics of specific cells and circuits at multiple scales.